Online Submissions
Online Access
Order PDFs
Subscribe/Renew
Nobel Laureates

Greenmail, White Knights, and Shareholders' Interest


Volume: Volume 17, No. 3

Issue: Autumn 1986

Pages: pp. 293-309

Authors: Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny

Title: Greenmail, White Knights, and Shareholders' Interest

Abstract: This article develops a model in which greenmail and other forms of management resistance to takeovers can benefit shareholders. In particular, discouraging some potential acquirers may increase shareholder wealth because it encourages others to pursue a combination with the target. This occurs because the number of competing acquirers is reduced and because resistance can signal that the target does not have access to a "white knight." This signalling effect may explain why share prices decline after management resists a takeover, even when such resistance is value-maximizing in the long run.


JEL Classification

Game Theory and Bargaining Theory (0262)
Business Finance (5210)